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Simeon the New Theologian
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장부영
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2008-09-27 23:28:54, 조회 : 2,496 |
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7. Simeon the New Theologian
The Orthodox Church has seen fit to bestow it on only three people:
(1) John the Evangelist, (2) Gregory of Nazianzus an (3) Simeon.
(1) Simeon was born of noble parents in Asia Minor (Byzantium), in 949. At the age of fourteen he became a disciple of Simeon the Studite, a leading spiritual teacher.
(2) He was abbot of St. Mamos from 980 to his retirement in 1005. During this time he was involved in controversy- with his own monk and bishop Stephen of Nicomedia, the official court theologian. The controversy with Stephen resulted in a period exile, from 1009. He died, restored to favour, in 1022.
(3) He has been called 'the most outstanding of Byzantine medieval mystics'. He has been given the title 'New Theologian'.
(4) His teaching was considered worthy of comparison with John the apostle and Gregory of Nazianzus who were called 'theologian' for their teaching on God.
(5) He was the first systematic exponent of the technique of inner prayer. He was also unique among medieval Orthodox mystics in speaking freely of his own personal spiritual experience.
(6) His approach to theology was different from Stephen's approach to it.
1) Stephen's approach:
① Philosophical and abstract - similar to Western Scholastic theology.
② Institutional - similar to the authority of the church in Western.
2) Simeon's approach:
① Monastic and spiritual- he placed a great stress on the need to experience that about which one talks.
② Opposition to formalism- he taught that baptism is of no value unless going on to bear fruit in the form of holy life.
(7) He won the ultimate victory. His mystical teaching follows the tradition of Dionysius the Areopatie and Maxinus the Confessor.
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선교운동소개
신학 