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The Council of Chalcedon (Apostle s Creed)
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장부영
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2008-09-26 03:02:22, 조회 : 2,290 |
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6. Council of Chalcedon (451 A. D.)
Ephesus had been a victory of Alexandria over Constantinople, while Chalcedon was Constantinople's revenge.
(1) The council met in 451 to decide the fate of Eutyches, an elderly and rather woolly-thinking abbot in Alexandria.
(2) He had taken Cyril's teaching to extremes, claiming that when Christ became human his humanity was swallowed up by his divinity, so that he had only one nature. (Dioscorus's presiding the Council at which depose the bishop of Constantinople for disagreeing with him).
(3) The bishops at Chalcedon, lost no time in condemning this "Robber Council" and both Dioscorus and Eutyches.
(4) The Council of Ephesus had decreed that no creed should ever be used as definitive apart from the Symbol of Nicaea, so the council was careful to assert that this new statement was simply an unpacking of the teaching of Nicaea, not an additional creed.
Apostle's Creed
(1) Legend: It was composed by the twelve apostles, each of whom wrote one clause, but it does not naturally divided into twelve clauses.
(2) But the legend was not questioned until fifteen century. In sixteen century it was generally abandoned.
(3) The Apostles' Creed is the end-product of the gradual development of Western creed. (It was succeeded to the 'Old Roman Creed' (2nd Century).
(4) Today's version dates from the sixth or seventh century. Gradually it became the accepted version, being adopted ar Rome sometime between 800 and 1100.
1) Most of the Apostles' Creed is ancient (some of the clauses: 4th or 5th century)
2) 'He descended to the underworld': no in the Western creeds until late in the 4th century but in the early history in the East.
3) 'The communion of saints': in Western creed from the 5th century.
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