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Figures of Comparison (´ëÁ¶ºñ»ç, ÓßðÎÝïÞö)
Àå¹Ù¿ï  2010-08-07 02:12:10, Á¶È¸ : 2,952



◉ Figures of Comparison (T.N. Sterrett, p. 94)
(´ëÁ¶ºñ»ç, ÓßðÎÝïÞö)

The Scripture uses a number of different figures of speech. There are names commonly used for them, and it is good to know these technical terms. We will first consider the two figures of speech that show comparison. (¼º°æ¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºñÀ¯µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ À̸§µéµµ À־, ±× Àü¹® ¿ë¾îµéÀ» ÀÍÈ÷´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ºñ±³¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö ºñÀ¯¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù)

1. Metaphor (ÀºÀ¯, ëßêç) (p. 94)

(1) A metaphor is an implied (rather than actually stated) comparison between two things that are basically unlike.
(ÀºÀ¯´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º°ÝÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ µÎ °³ÀÇ »ç¹°À» ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù)

(2) If you compare a dog and a jackal, you do not have a metaphor because the two animals are alike; but you can make a metaphor by comparing a man and a tree. A metaphor's usual form is A is B, meaning A is like B; I am a worm. He is an ass. God is our rock.
(¸¸ÀÏ °³¿Í ´Á´ë¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µÎ Áü½ÂÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀºÀ¯´Â ¼º¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷°ú ³ª¹«¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀºÀ¯´Â ¼º¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀºÀ¯ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ´ A´Â BÀÌ°í AÀÇ Àǹ̴ B¿Í °°´Ù´Â ¶æÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³ª´Â ¹ú·¹´Ù(½Ã 22:6), ±×´Â ³ª±Í´Ù, Çϳª´ÔÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹Ý¼®ÀÌ´Ù(½Ã 18:2).

(3) It also has other forms, such as B of A. Cup of salvation (½Ã 116:13, ±¸¿øÀÇ ÀÜ, meaning that salvation is a cup) and bread of wickedness (Àá 4:17, ºÒÀÇÀÇ ¶±) are examples.

(4) Another form is this dead dog (ÀÌ Á×Àº °³, instead of saying, This man is a dead dog (»ïÇÏ 16:9).

(5) Or the metaphor may be an action: He has girded me with gladness (½Ã 30:11, instead of gladness is my girdle)

(6) All these metaphors suggest that there is one point of comparison between two things that in the main are unlike.

(7) Consider the last one above. How is gladness like a girdle, or belt? What does a belt do? It hold up clothes and makes a man ready to work or do business.
There is a sort of strength and security in it. Likewise gladness gives strength and security to the spirit.

(8) Look at these references and think about each one: Joshua 1:8; 2 Kings 7:2; Job 13:25; 41:14; Psalm 109:29; Isaiah 1:31; 7:4; Matthew 26:26; Luke 11:39; 2 Corinthians 5:1-4; Eph. 1:18.

2. Simile (Á÷À¯, òÁêç) (p. 95)

(1) A simile is much like a metaphor, except that the comparison is actually expressed, using the words like or as. (Á÷À¯´Â ÀºÀ¯¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ µ¥, Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¡°°°ÀÌ¡± ³ª ¡°Ã³·³¡± µîÀÇ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦·Î ºñ±³ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù).

(2) If we would say, \"I am like a worm\" (³ª´Â ¹ú·Ê¿Í °°´Ù) or \"God is like a rock to us,\" (Çϳª´ÔÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹Ý¼®°ú °°´Ù), the meaning would be the same as in the metaphors above. The metaphor is more vivid, yet perhaps not quite so clear and more easily misunderstood. (Àǹ̴ À§ÀÇ ÀºÀ¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í °°´Ù. ÀºÀ¯´Â º¸´Ù »ý»ýÇϳª, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ºÐ¸íÄ¡ ¾Ê°í ¿ÀÇØÇϱ⠽±´Ù).

(3) Job 41:24 is a simile; \"His heart is hard as a stone.\" (±× ¸¶À½ÀÌ µ¹°°ÀÌ ´Ü´ÜÇÏ´Ï). This statement even shows the point of comparison: Each item is hard. Of course we know that one is physical hardness, the other non-physical. It is a vivid, emphatic way of giving the truth of heart-hardness, that is to say, of stubbornness or strength of will.

(4) Most similes give the point of comparison as this one does, but some say only that two things are alike and leave us to discover in what way. (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á÷À¯´Â ÀÌ°Íó·³ ºñ±³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¾î¶² °ÍÀº µÎ °¡Áö°¡ °°´Ù°í¸¸ ÇÒ »Ó ¾î¶»°Ô °°Àº Áö¸¦ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù).

For example, Micah 7:4 states that \"the best of them is like a brier.\"(°¡Àå ¼±ÇÑ ÀÚ¶óµµ °¡½Ã °°°í)¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. In what way like a brier? (¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­ °¡½Ã °°´Ù´Â °ÍÀϱî?), Since the text does not say plainly, we have to study the context to see what the point of comparison is. (º»¹®¿¡¼­´Â ºÐ¸íÀÌ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±× ºñ±³°¡ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¹®¸ÆÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù).

(5) Often things in nature are used for comparison. One quality of an object may be used for one simile while another is used for a different simile. (Á¾Á¾ ºñ±³¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¹°µéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ´ë»óÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ Á÷À¯¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ´ë»óÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á÷À¯¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)

Sometimes a good quality and a bad quality give opposite similes (¶§¶§·Î ÁÁÀº Ư¼º°ú ³ª»Û Ư¼ºÀÌ »ó¹ÝµÈ Á÷À¯·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù). Hosea 6:4, \"your love... is like the dew that goes early away,\" refers to dew's ephemeral quality. (¡°³ÊÈñÀÇ Àξְ¡ ¾Æħ ±¸¸§À̳ª ½¬ ¾ø¾îÁö´Â À̽½ °°µµ´Ù¡±´Â À̽½ÀÇ µ¡¾ø´Â Ư¼º¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù)
The verse describes unfaithful love (±× ±¸ÀýÀº ½Å½ÇÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù). In Hosea 14:5, God says, \"I will be as the dew to Israel.\" (³»°¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡°Ô À̽½°ú °°À¸¸®´Ï).

(6) And the next lines show he has in mind dew's good quality of giving life and growth to plants. So we cannot assume that the quality mentioned in one passage will necessarily be the same as in another. (´ÙÀ½ ÁÙµéÀº Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ½Ä¹°¿¡°Ô »ý¸íÀ» ÁÖ°í ¼ºÀåÄÉ ÇÏ´Â À̽½ÀÇ ÁÁÀº Ư¼ºÀ» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ½Å °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù).

(7) We must interpret each simile in its context. (See various similes using dove: Ps. 55:6; Is. 59:11; Jer.48:28; Hos.7:ll.)

(8) Here are some references, to study which include similes of actions, not just of quality (¿©±â¿¡ ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ Æ¯¼ºÀÇ Á÷À¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇൿÀÇ Á÷À¯¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °¡¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ±¸ÀýµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù): Judges 7:12; Psalm 59:6; 92:12; 133:2-3; Proverbs 10:26; Isaiah 9:18-19; Jeremiah 17:6; Matthew 17:20; 25:32-33; Luke 17:24; 1 Peter 2:2.





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