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Principles Useful in Interpreting Figurative Language of the Bible
Àå¹Ù¿ï  2010-08-07 02:17:57, Á¶È¸ : 2,677



3. Principles Useful in Interpreting Figurative Language of the Bible. (¼º°æÀÇ ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¿ø¸®) (Berkhof, p. 85)

(1) Now the question arises as to the interpretation of the figurative language of the Bible. While the interpreter must employ the regular internal helps that were just mentioned, there are certain special points which he should not fail to observe.
(¼º°æÀÇ ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ Çؼ®À» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾ð±ÞµÈ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ³»Àû µµ¿òÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, °Å±â¿¡´Â Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ °üÂû¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÇ´Â ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ Á¡µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù)
a. It is of the greatest importance that the interpreter have a clear conception of the things on which the figures are based, or from which they are borrowed, since the tropical use of words is founded on certain resemblances or relations. (p. 85)
(Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ ±× ºñÀ¯µéÀÌ ±âÃÊÇÑ °ÍÀ̳ª ºô·Á ¿Â °ÍµéÀÇ ºÐ¸íÇÑ °³³äÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ´Ü¾îÀÇ ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ ¿ë¹ýÀº ¾î¶² À¯»çÁ¡À̳ª °ü°è¼º¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù)

(1) The figurative language of the Bible is derived especially from (1) the physical features of the Holy Land, (2) the religious institutions of Israel, (3) the history of God's ancient people, and (4) the daily life and customs of the various peoples that occupy a prominent place in the Bible.

(¼º°æÀÇ ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î´Â ƯÈ÷ (1) ¼ºÁöÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬Àû Çö»ó, (2) À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ Á¾±³Àû Á¦µµ (3) °í´ë Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹é¼ºÀÇ ¿ª»ç (4) ¼º°æÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ» Á¡·ÉÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÀÏ»ó »ýÈ°°ú dz¼Ó µîÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡µÇ¾ú´Ù)

(2) Therefore, these must be understood, in order to interpret the figures that are derived from them.
(±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÑ ºñÀ¯µéÀ» Çؼ®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ °°Àº °ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÈ´Ù)

1) In Ps. 92:12 we read: \"The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree; he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.\"

The expositor cannot hope to interpret this passage unless he is acquainted with the characteristics of the palm tree and the cedar.

2) If he desires to explain Ps. 51:9: \"Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean,\" he must have some knowledge of the method of ceremonial purification among Israel.

b. The interpreter should make it a point to discover the principal idea, the tertium comparationis, without placing too much importance on the details. (p. 86)
(Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ °Í¿¡ ³Ê¹« ÁýÂøÇÏÁö ¸»°í Áß¿äÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ã¾Æ³»µµ·Ï ÁýÁßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)

(1) When the Biblical authors employed such figures as metaphors, they generally had some specific point or points of agreement in mind.
(¼º°æ ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ ÀºÀ¯·Î¼­ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ºñÀ¯¸¦ ä¿ëÇÒ ¶§, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶À½¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Á¡µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù)

And even if the interpreter can find still more points of agreement, he must limit himself to those intended by the author.
(Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ º¸´Ù È£ÀÀÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ Á¡µéÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ, ÀúÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀǵµµÈ °Íµé¿¡°Ô ÇÑÁ¤½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)

1) In Rom. 8:17, Paul says, in a transport of assurance: \"And if children, then heirs; heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ.\" (ÀÚ³àÀÌ¸é ¶ÇÇÑ ÈÄ»ç °ð Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÈÄ»ç¿ä ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÑ ÈÄ»ç´Ï)

It is perfectly evident that he refers to the blessings which believers receive with Christ from their common Father.

The metaphor contained in the word \"heir\" would be pressed too far, if it were made to imply the death of the Father as the testator.

2) How dangerous it would be to apply a figure in all particulars appears very clearly from a passage like Rev. 16:15, where we read: \"Behold, I come as a thief.\" The connection will generally determine in each particular case how far a figure should be applied. (°¢°¢ ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡ À־ ÇϳªÀÇ ºñÀ¯¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö °è 16:15 ¡°º¸¶ó ³»°¡ µµÀû°°ÀÌ ¿À¸®´Ï¡±¶ó´Â ±¸ÀýÀ» º¸¾Æ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °ü°è·Î ´ë°³ °¢±â Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ À־ ÇϳªÀÇ ºñÀ¯°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª Àß ¸ø Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù)

c. In connection with the figurative language that refers to God and the eternal order of things, the interpreter should bear in mind that it generally offers but a very inadequate expression of the perfect reality. (p. 87)
(Çϳª´Ô°ú ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áú¼­¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Çؼ®ÀÚ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¾îÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½ÇÀç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸í½ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù).
(1) God is called a Light, a Rock, a Fortress, a high Tower, a Sun and a Shield. All these figures convey some idea of what God is for his people; but not a single one of them, nor taken together, give a complete representation of God.
(Çϳª´ÔÀº ºû, ¹ÙÀ§, ¿ä»õ, ³ôÀº Ÿ¿ö, ÇØ, ºñ³­Ã³ µîÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸®¿î´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç ºñÀ¯µéÀº Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ±×ÀÇ ¹é¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ ¾î¶² °ü³äÀ» ÀüÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀ̰ųª ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇϽŠǥÇöÀ» Á¦°øÇØÁØ´Ù)
(2) And when the Bible pictures the redeemed as clad in the garments of salvation, robed in the robe of righteousness, crowned with the crown of life, and bearing the palms of victory, the figures do indeed give us some, but only a very imperfect idea of their future glory. (¼º°æÀ̱¸¿ø ¹ÞÀº ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°í, ÀÇÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°í, »ý¸íÀÇ ¸é·ù°üÀ» ¾²°í, ½Â¸®ÀÇ Á¾·Á³ª¹«¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çÇÒ ¶§ ±× ºñÀ¯°¡ ÂüÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¿µ±¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î ÀÏ»ÓÀÌ´Ù)
d. To a certain extent, one can test one's insight into the figures of the Bible by attempting to express the thoughts which they convey in literal language. (p. 87)
(¼º°æÀÇ ºñÀ¯µéÀ» ¿©ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î·Î ÀüÀÜÇÏ³à ±× »ç»óÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÔÀ¸·Î ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù)

(1) But it is necessary to bear in mind that a great deal of the figurative language of the Bible defies all such efforts.
This applies particularly to the language in which the Bible speaks of God and eternal things.
(±×·¯³ª ¼º°æÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐµéÀÇ ºñÀ¯°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸í½ÉÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ưº°È÷ ¼º°æÀÌ Çϳª´Ô°ú ¿µ¿øÇÒ °Íµé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù)

(2) Diligent and careful study of the Bible will help us more than anything else to understand the figurative language of the Bible. (¿­½ÉÈ÷ ±×¸®°í ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ¼º¼­¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼º¼­ÀÇ »ó¡ÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °Í ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù)

EXERCISE : What kind of figures have the writers used in the following passages, and how must they be interpreted: Gen. 49:14; Num. 24:21; Deut. 32:40; Job 34:6, \"my arrow is incurable\"; Ps. 26:6; Ps. 46:9; Ps. 108:9; Eccles. 12:3, \"day\"; Jer. 2:13; Jer. 8:7; Ezek. 7:27; Ezek. 23:29; Zech. 7:11; Matt. 3:5 ; Matt. 5:13; Matt. 12:40; Rom. 6:4; I Cor. 5:7, 8.

LITERATURE: Terry, Bib. Herm., pp. 157-176; Davidson, Sacred Herm., pp. 284-319; Muenscher, Manual, pp. 145-166; Elliott, Bib. Herm., pp. 142-151; Fairbairn, Herm. Manual, pp. 157-173.




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